list of hanoi hilton prisoners

He was finally released in 1973, although his war time injuries have caused permanent damage to his right arm. [8], U.S. prisoners of war in North Vietnam were subjected to extreme torture and malnutrition during their captivity. Roger G., Navy, not in previous public lists. March 14, 1973. After reading about the gruesome conditions that awaited American POWs in the Hanoi Hilton, read about the Gulf of Tonkin incident, which first sparked the Vietnam War. Senator John McCain tops our list. They cut my flight suit off of me when I was taken into the prison, McCain said. Joseph E., Navy, Washington, D.C., caplured in Spring 1972. In addition to extended solitary confinement, prisoners were regularly strapped down with iron stocks leftover from the French colonial era. The Hoa Lo Prison in Hanoi, Vietnam, was dubbed the "Hanoi Hilton" by American prisoners of war (POWs). [27], Only part of the prison exists today as a museum. Heynowski and Scheumann asked them about the contradictions in their self image and their war behavior and between the Code of the United States Fighting Force and their behavior during and after capture. Claude D., Navy, San Diego, Calif. JENKINS, Capt. By Bernard Gwertzman Special to The New York Times. [19] The North Vietnamese also maintained that their prisons were no worse than prisons for POWs and political prisoners in South Vietnam, such as the one on Cn Sn Island. On March 26, 1964, the first U.S. service member imprisoned during the Vietnam War was captured near Qung Tr, South Vietnam when an L-19/O-1 Bird Dog observation plane flown by Captain Richard L. Whitesides and Captain Floyd James Thompson was brought down by small arms fire. As Cmdr. [5] Harris had remembered the code from prior training and taught it to his fellow prisoners. The name Ha L, commonly translated as "fiery furnace" or even "Hell's hole",[1] also means "stove". Constitution Avenue, NW SCHOEFFEL, Comdr. (U.S. Air Force), Shortly after the war, ex-POW Mike McGrath annotated this detailed map of Hanoi to show the location of prisons. Tames, Navy, Lakeland, Fla., captured October, 1965. [11] Such POW statements would be viewed as a propaganda victory in the battle to sway world and U.S. domestic opinion against the U.S. war effort. ENSCH, Lieut John C., Navy, not named in previous public lists. Forty years later as I look back on that experience, believe it or not, I have somewhat mixed emotions in that it was a very difficult period, he said in 2013. After Operation Homecoming, the U.S. still listed roughly 1,350 Americans as prisoners of war or missing in action and sought the return of roughly 1,200 Americans reported killed in action, but whose bodies were not recovered. It turned out that when Henry Kissinger went to Hanoi after the first round of releases, the North Vietnamese gave him a list of the next 112 men scheduled to be sent home. [11] Rather, it was to break the will of the prisoners, both individually and as a group. Among the last inmates was dissident poet Nguyn Ch Thin, who was reimprisoned in 1979 after attempting to deliver his poems to the British Embassy, and spent the next six years in Ha L until 1985 when he was transferred to a more modern prison. Locations of POW camps in North Vietnam . The pilots called it, sarcastically, the . Ha L Prison (Vietnamese:[hwa l], Nh t Ha L; French: Prison Ha L) was a prison in Hanoi originally used by the French colonists in Indochina for political prisoners, and later by North Vietnam for U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War. [23][24], The post-raid consolidation brought many prisoners who had spent years in isolation into large cells holding roughly 70 men each. [19] As another POW later said, "To this day I get angry with myself. "[19], The North Vietnamese occasionally released prisoners for propaganda or other purposes. Extradition of North Vietnamese officials who had violated the Geneva Convention, which they had always insisted officially did not bind them because their nation had never signed it, was not a condition of the U.S. withdrawal from South Vietnam and ultimate abandonment of the South Vietnamese government. Hanoi's list of Americans in captivity is as follows: Clodeon Adkins, Michael D. Benge, Norman J. Brookens, Frank E. Cins, Gary L. Davos, John J. Fritz Jr., Theodore W. Gosta, William H. Hardy,. It was introduced in June 1965 by four POWs held in the Ha L ("Hanoi Hilton") prison: Captain Carlyle "Smitty" Harris, Lieutenant Phillip Butler, Lieutenant Robert Peel, and Lieutenant Commander Robert Shumaker. GOODERMOTE, Lieut. Paul Gordon, Marines, Newton, Mass. William Kerr, Marines, not named in previous public lists. David J Navy, San Diego, Calif. RUSSELL, Comdr, Kay, Navy, San Diego, captured in May, 1967. tured 1967. Following the first release, twenty prisoners were then moved to a different section of the prison, but the men knew something was wrong as several POWs with longer tenures were left in their original cells. After Operation Homecoming, the U.S. still listed about 1,350 Americans as prisoners of war or missing in action and sought the return of roughly 1,200 Americans reported killed in action and body not recovered. and Indiana Governor, Dies at 74", "Vietnam: The Betrayal of A Revolution; Victims of Discredited Doctrine, My People Now Look to America", "American Experience: Return With Honor: Online Forum", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S._prisoners_of_war_during_the_Vietnam_War&oldid=1140276278, Vietnam War crimes committed by North Vietnam, Articles with dead external links from March 2022, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Borling, John: Taps on the Walls; Poems from the Hanoi Hilton (2013) Master Wings Publishing Pritzker Military Library, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 09:35. Comdr. Bob Shumaker noticed a fellow inmate regularly dumping his slop bucket outside. Synonymous in the U.S. with torture of American pilots captured during the Vietnam War . WALSH, Capt. The monument includes a water fountain with a large rotating sphere, as well as a statue of Van Loan based on a photo taken after he was released from the infamous Hanoi Hilton prisoner of war . . James J. Jr., Marines, not named in previous lists. These details are revealed in famous accounts by McCain (Faith of My Fathers), Denton, Alvarez, Day, Risner, Stockdale and dozens of others. The agreement included the negotiated release of the nearly 600 prisoners of war being held by North Vietnam in various prisons and camps including the Hanoi Hilton. The list that the North Vietnamese turned over to American officials in Paris today named 27 American civilians as prisoners of the Vietcong, and listed seven other Americans as having died in captivity. Everett, Jr. Navy, Santa Clara, Calif., captured August, 1964. Over nearly a decade, as the U.S. fought the North Vietnamese on land, air, and sea, more than 700 American prisoners of war were held captive by enemy forces. [5], During the Vietnam War, the first U.S. prisoner to be sent to Ha L was Lieutenant Junior Grade Everett Alvarez Jr., who was shot down on August 5, 1964. During the 1910s through 1930s, street peddlers made an occupation of passing outside messages in through the jail's windows and tossing tobacco and opium over the walls; letters and packets would be thrown out to the street in the opposite direction. This military structure was ultimately recognized by the North Vietnamese and endured until the prisoners' release in 1973. After the war, Risner wrote the book Passing of the Night detailing his seven years at Ha L. [37] Tran Trong Duyet, a jailer at Hoa Lo beginning in 1968 and its commandant for the last three years of the war, maintained in 2008 that no prisoners were tortured. U.S. officials saw this tape and Denton was later awarded the Navy Cross for his bravery. Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. An affecting and powerful drama about the experiences of POW's trying to survive a brutal Hanoi prison camp in the midst of the Vietnam War. [10]:845 The former prisoners were slowly reintroduced, issued their back pay and attempted to catch up on social and cultural events that were now history. Prisoners were variously isolated, starved, beaten, tortured, and paraded in anti-American propaganda. Comdr. One of the prerequisites for and provisions of the accords was the return of all U.S. prisoners of war (POWs). On his next deployment, while Commander of Carrier Air Wing Sixteen aboard the carrier USS Oriskany (CV-34), his A-4 Skyhawk jet was shot down in North Vietnam on September 9, 1965. Taken before TV cameras in order to film antiwar propaganda for the North Vietnamese, Denton blinked the work torture in Morse code the first evidence that life at the Hanoi Hilton was not what the enemy forces made it seem. Hanoi Lists of P.O.W. KAVANAUGH, Sgt. Wikimedia CommonsJohn McCains alleged flight suit and parachute, on the display at the former Hanoi Hilton. Weapons, Return with Honor: American Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia. Then learn take a look inside the Andersonville Prison, a brutal POW camp during the Civil War. Comdr. Frank A. Sieverts, the State Department official charged with prisoner affairs, said that Hanoi apparently did not inelude any information on Americans captured or missing in Laos or Cambodia, despite the provision in the ceasefire agreement to account for all Americans throughout Indochina. [5], Conditions for political prisoners in the "Colonial Bastille" were publicised in 1929 in a widely circulated account by the Trotskyist Phan Van Hum of the experience he shared with the charismatic publicist Nguyen An Ninh. Locked and with nowhere to move or even to go to the bathroom vermin became their only company. From 1961 to 1973, the North Vietnamese and Vietcong held hundreds of Americans captive in North Vietnam, and in Cambodia, China, Laos, and South Vietnam. The increased human contact further improved morale and facilitated greater military cohesion among the POWs. Operation Homecoming has been largely forgotten by the American public, yet ceremonies commemorating the 40th anniversary were held at United States military bases and other locations throughout Asia and the United States. [3] During the early part of Operation Homecoming, groups of POWs released were selected on the basis of longest length of time in prison. Cmdr, Paul E Navy, Richmond, Va. NAUGHTON, Lieut. WASHINGTON, Jan. 27The State Department tonight released the list of American civilians acknowledged by North Vietnam as having been captured in South Vietnam during the Vietnam war. Peter R., Navy, Naples, Fla., captured October, 1967. They exercised as best they could. Verlyn W., Navy, Ness City, Kan., and Hayward, Calif. DENTON, Capt. [10]:97 Veterans of the war had similar thoughts concerning Operation Homecoming with many stating that the ceasefire and returning of prisoners brought no ending or closure. On February 12 the first of 591 U.S. military and civilian POWs were released in Hanoi and flown directly to Clark Air Force Base in the Philippines. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them. As of 2016, he is the only person to be awarded both the Medal of Honor and Air Force Cross. andrew mcginley obituary; velocitation and highway hypnosis; ut austin anthropology admissions; colorado springs municipal court docket search; how much is anthony joshua worth 2021 list of hanoi hilton prisoners. The remaining 266 consisted of 138 United States Naval personnel, 77 soldiers serving in the United States Army, 26 United States Marines and 25 civilian employees of American government agencies. The United States, in Paris, provided a list of 26,000 Communist prisoners held by South Vietnam in exchange. NICHOLS, Lieut. Additionally, soon after the raid all acknowledged American prisoners in North Vietnam were moved to Ha L so that the North Vietnamese had fewer camps to protect and to prevent their rescue by U.S. Navy Commander Everett Alvarez, Jr. spent over eight years as a POW, making him the longest resident of the Hanoi Hilton and the second longest held POW in American history. [22], Despite several escape attempts, no U.S. POW successfully escaped from a North Vietnamese prison, although James N. Rowe successfully escaped from North Vietnamese captivity. In 1968, Walter Heynowsk[de] and Gerhard Scheumann[de] from East Germany filmed in the prison the 4-chapter series Piloten im Pyjama[de] with interviews with American pilots in the prison, that they claimed were unscripted. The culture of the POWs held at the infamous Hanoi Hilton prison was on full display with the story that would come to be known as the "Kissinger Twenty". TELLIER, Sgt. American POWs in North Vietnam were released in early 1973 as part of Operation Homecoming, the result of diplomatic negotiations concluding U.S. military involvement in Vietnam. GALANTT, Lieut. The most immediate effect was to affirm to the POWs that their government was actively attempting to repatriate them, which significantly boosted their morale. March 29, 1973. The prison was built in Hanoi by the French, in dates ranging from 1886 to 1889[1] to 1898[2] to 1901,[3] when Vietnam was still part of French Indochina. Groth, Wade L. USA last know alive (DoD April 1991 list) Gunn, Alan W. USA last known alive (DoD April 1991 list) Hamilton, John S. USAF believed to have successfully got out of his aircraft and was alive on the ground. I thought perhaps I was going to die, said John McCain in this 1999 interview on his time at the Hanoi Hilton. Unaware of the code agreed upon by the POWs, Kissinger ignored their shot down dates and circled twenty names at random. WASHINGTON, Jan. 27 (AP) Following are names of United States servicemen on a prisonerofwar list provided today by the North Vietnamese, It was compiled from Defense Department releases and reports of families who received confirmation their men were on the list from Pentagon officials. He flew a combined 163 combat, The Most Influential Contemporary Americans, Every Person Who Has Hosted 'Saturday Night Live', The Best People Who Hosted SNL In The '00s. The code was based on two-number combinations that represented each letter. Lawrence Victor, Marines, Huron, S. D. MARVEL, Lieut, Col. Jerry Wen. American prisoners of war endured miserable conditions and were tortured until they were forced to make an anti-American statement. March 29, 1973. PROFILET, Capt. (jg.) As of 26 July 2019 the Department of Defense's Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency listed 1,587 Americans as missing in the war of which 1,009 were classified as further pursuit, 90 deferred and 488 non-recoverable. KNUTSON, Lieut. Two months later, in what became known as the Hanoi March, 52 American prisoners of war were paraded through the streets of Hanoi before thousands of North Vietnamese civilians. Leslie H. Sabo, Joseph William Kittinger II (born July 27, 1928) is a retired colonel in the United States Air Force and a USAF Command Pilot. Jeffrey E. Curry, Chinh T. Nguyen (1997). tured March 1966. [10] The prison complex was sarcastically nicknamed the "Hanoi Hilton" by the American POWs, in reference to the well-known Hilton Hotel chain. SERE instructor. Cmdr. Conditions were appalling. Weapons are not permitted including pocket knives and firearms, to include conceal carry and other dangerous weapons. William M., Navy, Center Hill, Fla. HICKERSON, Comdr. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. [14] In addition to allowing communication between walls, the prisoners used the code when sitting next to each other but forbidden from speaking by tapping on one another's bodies. - Diaper bags Our tapping ceased to be just an exchange of letters and words; it became conversation, recalled former POW James Stockton. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}21131N 1055047E / 21.02528N 105.84639E / 21.02528; 105.84639. The first round of POWs to be released in February 1973 mostly included injured soldiers in need of medical attention. Thirteen prisons and prison camps were used to house U.S. prisoners in North Vietnam, the most widely known of which was Ha L Prison (nicknamed the "Hanoi Hilton"). [21] This created the "Camp Unity" communal living area at Ha L, which greatly reduced the isolation of the POWs and improved their morale.[14][21]. During his first four months in solitary confinement, Lt. Cmdr. Meanwhile, Paul was taken prisoner, tortured, placed in solitary confinement in what became known as the "Hanoi Hilton" and fed a diet that was later determined to be about 700 calories a day, which caused him to drop to about 100 pounds. - Camera bags The POWs made extensive use of a tap code to communicate, which was introduced in June 1965 by four POWs held in the Ha L: Captain Carlyle "Smitty" Harris, Lieutenant Phillip Butler, Lieutenant Robert Peel and Lieutenant Commander Robert Shumaker. [8] These missing personnel would become the subject of the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue for years to come. Between 12th and 14th Streets Of the POWs repatriated to the United States a total of 325 of them served in the United States Air Force, a majority of which were bomber pilots shot down over North Vietnam or VC controlled territory. John Owen, Air Force, Reading, Pa., captured February, 1967. His initial operational assignment was in fighter aircraft, then he participated in Project Manhigh and Project Excelsior high altitude balloon flight projects from 1956 to 1960, setting a world record for the highest skydive from a height greater than 19 miles (31 km). On November 21, 1970, U.S. Special Forces launched Operation Ivory Coast in an attempt to rescue 61 POWs believed to be held at the Sn Ty prison camp 23 miles (37km) west of Hanoi. But you first must take physical torture. ESTES, Comdr. [15], The Ha L was one site used by the North Vietnamese Army to house, torture and interrogate captured servicemen, mostly American pilots shot down during bombing raids. For the 1987 film, see, (later Navy Rear Admiral Robert H. Shumaker). [29] The old-time POWs cheered even more during the intense "Christmas Bombing" campaign of December 1972,[29][30] when Hanoi was subjected for the first time to repeated B-52 Stratofortress raids. Albert R., Navy, San Diego, captured Spring 1972. That delightful day in 1973 would not be the last time that some of the prisoners would see the Hanoi Hilton. . Gordon R. Navy, hometown unlisted but captured Dec. 20, 1972. Notorious Hanoi prison held both Vietnamese and American prisoners By Michael Aquino Updated on 02/21/21 Prisoner diorama at Hoa Lo Prison ("Hanoi Hilton") in Vietnam. David Hume Kennerly/Getty ImagesAmerican POW soldiers line up at the Hanoi Hilton prior to their release. [9] From the beginning, U.S. POWs endured miserable conditions, including poor food and unsanitary conditions. During a routine torture session with the hook, the Vietnamese tied a prisoners hands and feet, then bound his hands to his ankles sometimes behind the back, sometimes in front. Edward, Air Force, Harrison, N. Y., Quincy, Mass., captured Oct. 1965. Despite the endless torture, the American soldiers stayed strong the only way they knew how: camaraderie. The list left about half the 51 American civilians believed missing or captured unaccounted for. BLACK, Cmdr, Cole, Navy, Lake City, Minn., San Diego, Calif., captured June 1966. LEWIS, Lieut. dell, Marines, Newport, N. C. MILLER, Lieut. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. - Coolers HALL, Lieut. Rio Helmi/LightRocket/Getty ImagesDuring the French colonial period, Vietnamese prisoners were detained and tortured at the Ha L prison. A considerable amount of literature emerged from released POWs after repatriation, depicting Ha L and the other prisons as places where such atrocities as murder, beatings, broken bones, teeth and eardrums, dislocated limbs, starvation, serving of food contaminated with human and animal feces, and medical neglect of infections and tropical disease occurred. Camp Faith. He had led aerial attacks from the carrier USS Ticonderoga (CVA-14) during the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident. Another State Department officer on the captured list was Douglas K. Ramsey, 38, who was captured on Jan. 17, 1966, in Haung Hia, South Vietnam. Edward H., Navy, Coronado, Calif: MAYHEW, Lieut. The most notorious POW camp was Hoa Lo Prison, known to Americans as the "Hanoi Hilton." [13] American pilots were frequently already in poor condition by the time they were captured, injured either during their ejection or in landing on the ground. [9][16][17] When prisoners of war began to be released from this and other North Vietnamese prisons during the Johnson administration, their testimonies revealed widespread and systematic abuse of prisoners of war. The rest became a museum called the Ha L Prison Memorial. After the war, Risner wrote the book Passing of the Night detailing his seven years at the Hanoi Hilton. But at the same time the bonds of friendship and love for my fellow prisoners will be the most enduring memory of my five and a half years of incarceration.. Prisoners were forced to sit in their own excrement. [12], Beginning in early 1967, a new area of the prison was opened for incoming American POWs;[13] it was dubbed "Little Vegas", and its individual buildings and areas were named after Las Vegas Strip landmarks, such as "Golden Nugget", "Thunderbird", "Stardust", "Riviera", and the "Desert Inn". On January 27, 1973, Henry Kissinger (then assistant to President Richard Nixon for national security affairs) agreed to a ceasefire with representatives of North Vietnam that provided for the withdrawal of American military forces from South Vietnam.

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