Impact. b. conformity Instead, it measures how quickly people make judgments about the goodness or badness of various groups. Unjustified negative action towards a member of a group because they belong to that group. a. According to these jurors, this case is best explained in terms of the: The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others. Reduction in feelings of personal burden in the presence of others. 97 terms. a. ingroup bias. This finding is an example of: In Europe, prejudice is often greater among those whose positive self-image is threatened. Groups give us a sense of social identity: a sense of belonging to the social world. Influence (conforming) resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.). a personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status . These blatant biases tend to run in packs: People who openly hate one outgroup also hate many others. Prejudice. C) a win-win solution. The tendency to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information. direction a . This example is an illustration of: If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as "strong" when the words are associated with female faces rather than with male faces, this finding would illustrate: Beth believes that all sorority members are unintelligent and self-centered. Some group stereotypes are mixed, high on one dimension and low on the other. At its heart, SDO rests on a fundamental belief that the world is tough and competitive with only a limited number of resources. Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. A specific case of comfort with the ingroup is called aversive racism, so-called because people do not like to admit their own racial biases to themselves or others (Dovidio & Gaertner, 2010). c. Conflict Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Social psychology, Positive illusions, Self-serving bias and more. Then create a word search puzzle using the sentences-without the word as clues. For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike each other not because of any real, objectionable traits about the other group. Biases can explicit (overt and conscious) or more implicit (automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent). Here are some more examples that are actually prejudice, watch what you say! Spontaneously, people categorize people into groups just as we categorize furniture or food into one type or another. An allocator divides a large sum of money among three groups of around 20 recipients each and also to themselves. On your way to school one day, ask yourself how many types of vehicles breeze down Main St U.S.A., on the average? As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. d. father care. Even ordinary people, without any particular hostility, can become agents in a destructive process. A groups position on the dimensions of warmth and competence dictate whether we relate to its members with admiration, dehumanizing contempt, competitive envy, or paternalistic caretaking. Group-serving bias is the tendency to make more favorable attributions about our ingroups than our outgroups. It applies U.S. GAAP and reports in U.S. dollars. Highly dominating, highly authoritarian personalities. 6. Dispositional (Internal) Attribution Theory. b. physical attractiveness. The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., & Glick, P. (2007). Aggression The girls' belief best illustrates: Daniel does not get the desired salary hike during his annual appraisal. For example, ethnic Asians living in the United States are commonly referred to as the model minority because of their perceived success in areas such as education, income, and social stability. c. cognitive dissonance. Alex is likely to conform to their opinion if, He feels insecure in his role as a new member of the team, After hearing respected medical authorities lecture about the value of regular exercise, Raul, who has rarely exercised, begins to jog regularly. Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. The result is seeing people who live in subsidized housing, or who like comic books, or who are religious, or who have autism as one homogenous group with little variation. People naturally create mental categories. A loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. a. warrior The tendency to see the beliefs, values, and customs of one's own culture or group as "right" or "natural" is called a. ethnicity. This episode provides an example of, A business leader who welcomes a variety of opinions from subordinates and invites experts' critiques of her company's developing plans is most likely to inhibit. Although research has shown that people higher in SDO are more likely to be politically conservative, there are other traits that more strongly predict ones SDO. Unfortunately, problems can also arise from our tendency to categorize. Comparisons of identical and fraternal twins highlight the impact of ________ on aggression. Social trap where 2 prisoners are separated and have to consider the impacts of cooperating with their partner or competing to get the first confession. Trellis8. c. young adults tend to prefer the same kinds of music. For example, researchers have found that those who score higher on SDO are usually lower than average on tolerance, empathy, altruism, and community orientation. His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of, In laboratory experiments, merely observing someone receive painful electric shocks leads viewers to think less of the victim. It pays the utility bill during July. Answer 23:- Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one's own cultu . The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. b. there is no physiological basis for aggression in humans. ppp and mmm, and check their signs. The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation (external) or the person's disposition (internal). On April 30, 2016, the petty cash fund contained vouchers totaling$171.40 plus $26.10 of currency. More recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, some people held hostile views of Asian-Americans, who they perceived as being associated with the coronavirus (Misra, Le, Goldmann & Yang, 2020). HLT 1353. chapter_12_answers - CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. Female 3: But you know your kid better than anybody else and if you think he's acting different than usual, Male 1: acting really down, crying all the time for no good . Denote the maximal utility as a function of ppp and mmm by U(p,m)U^*(p, m)U(p,m), the value function, also called the indirect utility function. Psychological impact of anti-Asian stigma due to COVID-19 pandemic: A call for research, practice, and policy responses. The tendency to judge that more crimes were committed by Pireaneans than by Wallonians best illustrates the power of: a. Yosef, who is of Jewish origin, joins her unit as a trainee. In fact, this finding generally holds regardless of whether ones group is measured according race, age, religion, nationality, and even temporary, insignificant memberships. This sends subtle cues to the applicant that she is not being taken seriously, is not a good fit for the job, or is not likely to get hired. However, imagine if every time you ate ice cream, you got a brain freeze. own: [verb] to have or hold as property : possess. He believes in strict obedience to authority and is intolerant of weakness in others. This best illustrates, Montel, a White university student, is on academic probation for poor grades. d. encouraging them to engage in more thoughtful moral reasoning. Like SDO, there does appear to be an association between this ideology (i.e. If word-of-mouth hiring practices in an all-White business have the effect of excluding potential non-White employees, the practice could be called: Bill is often described as judgmental, ethnocentric, and punitive. a. deindividuation. What is a FALSE statement regarding the research on microaggressions. Both believe that the members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of any other party. This means, potentially, that there is left-wing authoritarianism that promotes conventional progressive values and seeks to silence dissenting voices (Manson, 2020). What term best describes Elena's behavior? c. animals can be bred for aggressiveness. If someone is in our "ingroup," we are more likely to trust them. Male 1: Maybe more than anybody else. The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognition) are inconsistent. Other Quizlet sets. Prejudice, Discrimination, and Stereotyping, Greenwald, Banaji, Rudman, Farnham, Nosek, & Mellott, 2002, Greenwald, Poehlman, Uhlmann, & Banaji, 2009, https://onlinepsych.pepperdine.edu/blog/prejudice-discrimination-coping-skills/, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Sons are more valued than daughters. d. ingroup bias., Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. Self-serving bias can spill over into the groups we identify with. B) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. which people belonged to were an important source of pride and self-esteem. An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. The results of this study showed that the participants more often misperceived the object and mistakenly shot harmless targets who were Black. That said, the targets of bias sometimes shift across time. This might remind you of self-determination theory, with its focus on autonomy, relatedness, and competence. This reaction is best explained in terms of. For example, a person might not have ever been to a Hindu wedding, but their experience of weddings as a general category can help them know what to expect and how to behave. other-race effect: the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Blatant bias is not a thing of the past, however. A., & Mellott, D. S. (2002). Consequently, because of the absence of genuine feedback, Yosef is not able to progress like other trainees. The frustration-aggression principle most clearly applies to individuals with higher-than-average levels of: Raised in a society that places a premium on individual achievement and uniqueness, Americans seem to develop a tendency to focus on the characteristics of the individual in making attributions. c. The need to be accepted by others is a powerful motivating force. After discussing why each of them believes this to be so, they all conclude that Ms. Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. NIMBY, also spelled Nimby, in full Not in My Backyard or Not in My Backyard Phenomenon, a colloquialism signifying one's opposition to the locating of something considered undesirable in one's neighborhood. This is an example of: Elena's boss fires her because he is downsizing his company. Distinguish blatant biases from subtle biases. What roles do the evoked set, inert set, and inept set take part in a consumer's information search? The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group: Term. The tendency to favor an idea, person, or thing over another is known as Multiple Choice rebuttal. As a result, outgroup disliking stems from this in-group liking (Brewer & Brown, 1998). Her explanation for the accident provides and example of. Basically, rumination . In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as church membership, then the more religious people have ________. Turner, J. C. (1975). In the 21st century, however, with social group categories even more complex, biases may be transforming. Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (2010). Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. the tendency to favor our own group: scapegoat theory: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame: other-race effect: the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Sadly, this can result in consequential discrimination, such as allocating fewer resources to disliked outgroups (Rudman & Ashmore, 2009). Mr. Wong, a high school teacher, tells his class that he thinks boys tend to be less anxious and, thus, give better speeches than girls. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. "Oh, no, never," the woman said. Social comparison and social identity: Some prospects for intergroup behaviour. an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Other-race Effect: Definition. 2. Flashcards, matching, concentration, and word search. Question 1 2 out of 2 points A tendency to favor one's own group is called: Selected Answer: Response Feedback: ingroup bias. Notably, the combination of high RWA and high SDO predicts joining hate groups that openly endorse aggression against minority groups, immigrants, homosexuals, and believers in non-dominant religions (Altemeyer, 2004). In terms of basic social categories, the members of Nestor's cross-country ski club are the _____ and the members of the downhill ski club are the _____. swissworld: saisons Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. . d. neural influences contribute to aggressive behavior in men but not in women. She is a skydiver as well as a tennis player. B) the tendency to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior. d. less; less, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. D) Relating to several _____ is the tendency to attribute one's own characteristics to other people. Psychology. B) become more extreme in their opinions following group discussion. In individualistic cultures, what is NOT one of the four beliefs that parents have identified as necessary for adolescent autonomy? Understand 21st century biases that may break down as identities get more complicated. Racial stereotypes of one hundred college students. credibility. The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. Or even ageist people who feel fond of older adults but, at the same time, view them as incompetent to support themselves and worry about the burden they place on public welfare programs. The point is that SDOa preference for inequality as normal and naturalalso predicts endorsing the superiority of certain groups: men, native-born residents, heterosexuals, and believers in the dominant religion. The groups are supporters of two rival political movements in Thailand and politically neutral subjects. "Us"people with whom we share a common identity. Early. Social dominance orientation (SDO) describes a belief that group hierarchies are inevitable in all societies and are even a good idea to maintain order and stability (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). For instance, Margaret might not be typical (or stereotypical) of an 80-year-old in that she regularly competes in organized half-marathons. June 7, 2022 1 Views. Categories . "teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to severe stress. Historical examples abound. Cindy's reaction best illustrates, People's physical attractiveness is unrelated to their, In an experiment by Dutton and Aron, one group of men were asked by an attractive woman to complete a short questionnaire immediately after they had crossed a swaying footbridge suspended 230 feet above the Capilano River. He is disheartened and feels frustrated but is unable to question his manager. The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the: "Teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress. c. more; more Studies have revealed diminished activity in the ________ of violent criminals. Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. We group household objects together as furniture, certain domestic animals as pets, and certain books as classics. Categories are helpful because they provide a mental roadmap for how to interact in novel situations. In the context of psychology, this scenario illustrates ________. It generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action. to have power or mastery over. Pablo and Sabina's failure to resolve their argument for their mutual benefit illustrates a failure to develop. Today, many nations have equality clearly articulated in their constitutions. Indicators of aversive racism correlate with discriminatory behavior, despite being the ambiguous result of good intentions gone bad. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) elitism. Explaining behaviors based on a person's characteristics; traits, maturity, etc. does not simply mean taking pride in one's group; it also involves asserting the group's superiority over other groups. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways. Psychology questions and answers. Returning to an example from earlier, the homeowner high in SDO may dislike the outgroup member moving into her neighborhood because it threatens ones economic resources (e.g. Table 12.2 The Collective Self-Esteem Scale. Desirable? c. animals can be bred for aggressiveness. People are generally faster at pairing their own group with good categories. Logic suggests, then, that because we like ourselves, we also like the groups in which we are members. The phrase "not in my backyard," shortened to "NIMBY," seems to have appeared first in the mid-1970s. In the context of distinctiveness, you are most likely to introduce your roommate to your friends as: When the British made a group of German civilians walk through a concentration camp at the close of World War II, one German responded: "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." 1. Tendency to favor one's own ethnic group over other ethnic groups. Ethnocentrism. unconsciously mimicking others expressions, postures, and voice tones to help us feel what they are feeling, tendency to believe that something is true simply because it has been repeated many times, the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors. Female 2: I can be hard to figure out Male 2: and I like my privacy. Katz, D., & Braly, K. (1933). She goes against the common idea of older adults as being weak or unhealthy. Such a question would be preposterous if you were only surrounded by members of your own group. Ever since he received notice of his probation, Montel has become increasingly hostile toward racial minority students and staff on campus. these group categories that he fits into are his _____., an ___ is a large amount of people that perceive themselves as different from/ apart from their ingroup and more. In particular, it is unclear to what extent ingroup favoritism is driven by preferences concerning the welfare of ingroup over outgroup members, vs. beliefs about the behavior of ingroup and outgroup members. For example, a job interviewer might have two qualified applicants; a man and a woman. C) more readily comply with a large request if they previously complied with a small request. 2. an inclination, bent, or predisposition to something. Another example includes people who feel benevolent toward traditional women but hostile toward nontraditional women. c. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and low levels of testosterone. As a result, outgroup disliking stems from this in-group liking (Brewer & Brown, 1998). We also want to know whether the members of the group are competent enough to act on their good or ill intentions.
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the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet